ORTHOGRAPHIA NEWROZI
Zhe cedsala 11an ta charieka pyshin a cedsala 20an cordan be elifba cordki a be kertyn (xharfyn) xsareban be zmany khwe nevistenen ud khwendenen. De cedsala 20an da dema wary cordan buye penj parche systema nevistena cordki zhi belawela bue. Cord inrozh hina be thy hawai be zmany khwe denevisen. Le Bacorr ud Bashury Rhozhava be alphabeta Hawary a be kertyn roman, le Bashur, Rhozhhelat ud Bashury Rhozhhelat be elifba cordki a be kertyn xsareban a sala 1951i, le Bacorry Rhozhhelat be alphabeta Hawary a be kertyn roman a goherrandi ud alphabeta cordki a be kertyn cril a dema Sovieta bery denevisen.
Alphabeta Newrozi be armanja systemyn nevistena cordki beket yek hatie amadekerden[1]. Zhe ber co de Newrozy da hatie amadekerden me navy Alphabeta Newrozi ly kerdie. De amadekerdena Alphabeta Newrozi da zhe hemi hawayn cordki ud zmanyn proto-cordki py hatenen nevisten sud hatie wergerten. De heman demy da zhe nevistena cordki a cordolog ud gerrcaryn europan ud american yn zhe cedsala 18an ta cedsala 20an zhi sud hatie wergerten.
De nevistena zmanan da do hawayn bengehin yn nishandaina dangan henen. Yek: nishandaina dengyn teny zmaneki. Italianki, spanyolki, ruski, xsarebki chend nomunyn zhe coma pyshin en. Do: nishandaina dengyn chend zmanan be hev ra. Latinki, fareski, franceski, ingliski chend nomunyn zhe coma dawin en. Romian dema alphabet ud systema nevistena latinki amade kerdene ly khebetine hemi kert u dengyn zmany hellenki be hawaki de nevistena latinki da nishan beden. Fars gotenyn khwe yn be aszlyn khwe zhe xsarebki nen mina xsareban denevisen, ly mina khwe dexwinen. De amadekerdena systema nevistena cordki da me zhe her do hawai zhi sud wergert, ly zhe ber co haway dodian be me rastter, zanestiter ud khweshter hat me khwastie wem porrania dengyn zhe kertyn hellenki, xsarebki ud latinki de gotenyn zhe van zmanan ketenen zmany me da be hawayeki rast benevisen.
Zhe bo cord becaneben be Alphabet ud Orthographia Newrozi zmany xwe benevisen by goman demek amadehiy lazem est. De vy demy da devyt be orthographia cordki ra systema check-spelling zhi were amadekerden. Zhe bo rastter weren nevisten listyn gotenyn cordki yn zhe zmany xsarebki ud yn ne zhe zmany xsarebki ly be kertyn de elifba cordki a beri 1951y da hebunen hatenen nevisten weren amadekerden. Devyt listyn zhe gotenyn zmanyn hellenki, latinki ud zmananyn den yn cereke yn europan zhi behyten amadekerden da co rast behyten nevisten, goten ud rast behyten khwenden. De heman demy da devyt listyn gotenyn cordki yn homophon ud homagraph zhi behyten amadekerden da co xhata momkun bet merev becanebet wan de nevisteny da zhe hev jehy beneviset.
Amadekerdena gotenyn cordki yn be formyn khwe yn gran (strong) ud sevec (weak), formy be hev ve (contraction) ud formy temam (full form) zaf gring est. Be formy gran ud formy temam yn wushan, cordkia formal dehyte nevisten, ud be formy sevec ud formy be hev ve yn wushan zhi cordkia neformal dehyte nevisten. Ydi dem hatie mellety cord zhi bebet khwedi zmany khwe y formal ud neformal. De vy rewshy da kesyn cordkia formal hin bebiten be hawaeki hysanter decanen zhe zar ud shywezaryn cordki tybegehyn. Devyt nehyte zhebirkerden co zmany akhafteny zmaneki zaf goherbar est; de nav demy da gelec gotenyn de rastia khwe da homophon nenen zhi deben homophon ud ry le ber tevlehevia manyn wan khwesh debet. Do gondyn nyzdiki hev zhi porr jaran heman gotenan be hawaeki zhe hev juda teleffuzs deken. Zmany formal zhe bo parastena sheclushemala wushan zhi khwedi gringiek by hemta est.
BE SIMBOLYN ALPHABETA PHONETİC A INTERNATIONAL
PHONEMYN CORDKI UD NEVISTENA WAN
Vocal
|
Simbolyn API[2] |
Alphabeta Newrozi |
Elifba Newe |
Alphabeta Hawary |
Alphabeta Cril |
||
|
1 |
ɑ |
a |
|
ا |
a |
a |
|
2 |
ε |
e |
ea |
ە |
e |
ә |
|
3 |
i |
i |
|
ی |
î |
и |
|
4 |
o |
o |
oa |
ۆ |
o |
о |
|
5 |
u |
u |
|
وو |
û |
У |
|
6 |
ə |
e o a |
|
|
i |
ь |
|
7 |
e |
y |
yy ei |
ێ |
ê |
е |
|
8 |
ɵ |
o |
|
و |
u |
ӧ |
|
9 |
ɑ: |
|
aa |
آ |
a |
a |
|
10 |
ε: |
|
ee |
ە |
e |
ә |
|
11 |
i: |
|
ii |
ی |
î |
и |
|
12 |
o: |
|
au |
ۆ |
o |
о |
|
13 |
u: |
|
oo ou |
وو |
û |
У |
Consonant
|
Simbolyn API |
Alf. Newrozi |
Elifba Newe |
Alf. Hawary |
Alf. Cril |
||
|
14 |
b |
b |
|
ب |
b |
б |
|
15 |
bh |
|
bh |
ب |
b |
б |
|
16 |
m |
m |
|
م |
m |
м |
|
17 |
p |
p |
|
پ |
p |
п |
|
18 |
pʰ |
p |
ph |
پ |
p |
п’ |
|
19 |
w |
w |
|
و |
w |
w |
|
20 |
f |
f |
|
ف |
f |
ф |
|
21 |
v |
v |
|
ڤ |
v |
в |
|
22 |
d |
d |
|
د |
d |
д |
|
23 |
dˤ |
dz |
|
ض |
dz |
д, з |
|
24 |
dʒ |
j |
|
ج |
c |
щ |
|
25 |
dʒʰ |
|
jh |
ج |
c |
щ |
|
26 |
ʒ |
|
zh |
ژ |
y |
ж |
|
27 |
l |
l |
|
ل |
l |
л |
|
28 |
ɭ |
l |
lh |
ڵ |
l |
л’ |
|
29 |
n |
n |
|
ن |
n |
н |
|
30 |
ŋ |
ng |
|
نگ |
ng |
нг |
|
31 |
ɾ |
r |
|
ر |
r |
р |
|
32 |
r |
r |
rh |
ڕ |
r |
р’ |
|
33 |
s |
s |
c+e/i/y |
س |
s |
c |
|
34 |
θ |
|
th |
ث |
s |
c |
|
35 |
sˤ |
|
sz |
ص |
s |
c |
|
36 |
ʃ |
|
sh |
ش |
ş |
ш |
|
37 |
t |
t |
td |
ط |
t |
т |
|
38 |
tʰ |
t |
|
ت |
t |
т’ |
|
39 |
z |
z |
|
ز |
z |
з |
|
40 |
ð |
|
dh |
ذ |
z |
з |
|
41 |
zˤ |
|
zs |
ظ |
z |
з |
|
42 |
g |
g |
|
گ |
g |
г |
|
43 |
k |
c k |
k+a/o/u, qu+e/i/y |
ک |
k |
к |
|
44 |
kʰ |
c k |
k+e/i/y, qu+a,o,u |
ک |
k |
к’ |
|
45 |
q |
q |
|
ق |
q |
q |
|
46 |
khs ks gz |
x |
|
کس گز |
ks gz |
кc, гз |
|
47 |
x |
|
kh |
خ |
x |
x |
|
48 |
ʍ |
|
khw |
خو |
xw |
xw |
|
49 |
ʁ |
|
gh |
غ |
ẍ |
ѓ |
|
50 |
h |
h |
|
ھ |
h |
h |
|
51 |
ħ |
|
xh |
ح |
ḧ |
һ’ |
|
52 |
ɦ |
h |
|
ع |
h |
h |
|
53 |
Ɂ |
|
’ |
ء |
’ |
|
|
54 |
ʕ |
|
xs |
ع |
‘ |
ә' |
|
55 |
tɕ |
|
ch cs |
چ |
ç |
ч |
|
56 |
tʃ |
|
ch |
چ |
ç |
ч’ |
|
57 |
j |
y |
|
ی |
y |
й |
Diphtong
|
Simbolyn API |
Diphtong |
Nomune |
|
|
58 |
ɑɑ |
aa |
kaa niskan, tdaa wan |
|
59 |
ɑε |
ae |
mae, dae |
|
60 |
ɑi |
ai |
haidar, daik |
|
61 |
ɑe |
ay |
bay corr |
|
62 |
ɑo |
ao |
aghao |
|
63 |
ɑu |
au, aw |
taus, auk, Australia, bawi, law, tawi, sauna |
|
64 |
εɑ |
ea |
idea |
|
65 |
εε |
ee |
mangeek |
|
66 |
εi |
ei |
hein |
|
67 |
εe |
ey |
khwendey |
|
68 |
εo |
eo ewo |
bendeo, Hewo |
|
69 |
εu |
eu, ew |
deu, dew, gewr, heu, hew, kew europan, rewsh |
|
70 |
iɑ |
ia |
piano |
|
71 |
iε |
ie |
musicien |
|
72 |
ii |
ii |
dara biin |
|
73 |
ie |
iy |
rendiy |
|
74 |
io |
io |
radio |
|
75 |
iu |
iu iw |
stadium, diwar |
|
76 |
eɑ |
ya |
chya me |
|
77 |
ejε |
ye |
hatye |
|
78 |
ee |
yy |
chyy wan |
|
79 |
ei |
yi |
chyi |
|
80 |
eo |
yo |
Khwedyo |
|
81 |
eu |
yu yw |
dyubav, dyw |
|
82 |
oɑ |
oa |
cershoa |
|
83 |
oε |
oe |
reshoe |
|
84 |
oe |
oy |
cershoy |
|
85 |
oi |
oi |
iroin |
|
86 |
oo |
oo |
csoo, chloo |
|
87 |
ou |
ow |
cou, show |
|
88 |
ɵɑ |
oa |
joan |
|
89 |
ɵe |
oe |
to’y (to dy) |
|
90 |
ɵi |
oi |
to i |
|
91 |
ɵo |
oo |
kho o (khwe o) |
|
92 |
ɵu |
ou |
to ud ky |
|
93 |
uja, uɑ |
ua |
bebua, bechua, tuan |
|
94 |
ujε |
ue |
bue, chue |
|
95 |
ue |
uy |
dara tuy |
|
96 |
uj, ui |
ui |
to bui, muin, |
|
97 |
uo |
uo uw |
tuo, ruwo |
|
98 |
uu |
uu |
buubu, chuubu, uu |
ALPHABETA NEWROZI
Kert
|
Kert |
Nomune |
|
|
1 |
A a |
ager |
|
2 |
B b |
berf |
|
3 |
C c |
cusi |
|
4 |
D d |
dar |
|
5 |
E e |
eleg |
|
6 |
F f |
fend |
|
7 |
G g |
ga |
|
8 |
H h |
hyk |
|
9 |
I i |
isot |
|
10 |
Jj |
jotcar |
|
11 |
K k |
kereng |
|
12 |
L l |
lale |
|
13 |
M m |
masi |
|
14 |
N n |
nan |
|
15 |
O o |
ordeg |
|
16 |
P p |
pivaz |
|
17 |
Q q |
qelem |
|
18 |
R r |
rozh |
|
19 |
S s |
syv |
|
20 |
T t |
tazhi |
|
21 |
U u |
uti |
|
22 |
V v |
veshartok |
|
23 |
W w |
weres |
|
24 |
X x |
fax |
|
25 |
Y y |
yzeng, yek |
|
26 |
Z z |
zerdeli |
Digraph
|
Digraph |
Nomune |
|
|
1 |
aa |
caar (cahr) |
|
2 |
ea |
bear |
|
3 |
ee |
beer |
|
4 |
ii |
biir |
|
5 |
au |
automobil |
|
6 |
oa |
goal |
|
7 |
oo |
boom |
|
8 |
ou |
boum |
|
9 |
yy |
lyy |
|
10 |
bh |
bhisten |
|
11 |
ch |
cha |
|
12 |
cs |
cseng, cso |
|
13 |
dh |
dhewq |
|
14 |
dz |
Khedzer |
|
15 |
gh |
ghar |
|
16 |
kh |
khani |
|
17 |
lh |
lhor |
|
18 |
ph |
phar |
|
19 |
qu+e/i/y |
quew |
|
20 |
rh |
rhast |
|
21 |
sz |
szal |
|
22 |
sh |
shalul |
|
23 |
td |
tda |
|
24 |
th |
thi, thy |
|
25 |
xh |
xhannar |
|
26 |
xs |
xsawr |
|
27 |
zh |
zhuzhi |
|
28 |
zs |
zselam |
ORTHOGRAPHIA NEWROZI
Wem dy de parta Orthographiay da be porrani ji beden methelyn nacoc ud yn xhatda inrozh le ser nehati nevisten.
Digraphyn zhe bo kymkerdena gotenyn homophon ud homograph
Be digraphyn vocal aa, ae, ea, ii, ee, oa, au, ou, oo, yy gotenyn homagraph ud homophon dehyten nevisten.
aa: Tdaeki bary hespy te khwar est, rast beket. Hew her dem tday hev degeren. Hew be tdaay ketie, beben jem bezhishk. Erdy wi rhast est, kash nene. Bersiva wi rast est. Yek le aliy raasty yek le aliy chepy est.
ee, ea: Le ber khwe myze beket. Insal beary rezan tonne. Sing ud beer. Wi terr kerd. Ev dar tearr en. Daran perr weshanden. Porr, gelek, zor ud zahf khwedi heman many nen. Teshtek de teashty da nemabu. Be deasteki dest belend kerd. Gelek merev be deesty (pandemia) coronay merden.
ii: Dehyt bira men, le vy dery biirek avy hebu. Ev dara biiy est. Myryn bi ud zhenyn bi. Merevyn bery be tir ud kevan bun. Ava wy kaniy tiir bu, nedehat vekhwarden. Lazem est dew ne tiir bet ne zhi ron.
oa, au: Golyn sor, golyn zerd, golyn spi le ber gaula avy bun. Barcelonay do goal havyten Madridy. Automobil boha bunen.
ou, oo: Be quyra touzh biberyn tuzh hur kerden. Do sal baery ez khwendecar bum. Boum ferria. Dengyn bomban dehat behisten, boom, boom! Zhe hoor ud rovian xhaz nedekerd. Pery khwe hour beke. Pivazyn khwe hur beke. Tury khwe avyt baggagey ud le otobusa toury sowar bud.
yy, ei: Tyr khwarie. Le pei tyyr chu Chiny. Chyiy beket, lyh mebyzhet. Deiny wi ly (le wi/wy/wan) est. Ev lo lo est, lei lei ma est. Ly disa zhi tu dezani.
Be digraphyn consonat cs, ph, td /t/, c+e,i,y, qu+a,e,i,o,u,y ud k+a,o,u teny gotenyn (word) homophon, homograph ud gotenyn zhe zmanyn bygane yn wosan dehyten nevisten ud van dengan deden, dehyten nevisten.
c+e,i,y /θ/-/s/: cinema, police, ambulance, bicyclet, piece, franceski, Barcelona
cs: De germy da ben csengy merev khwi dedet. Chenga wi shekia. Cso de deastan da le pei kery barkeri cho choa wi bu. Cseka khwe havyt peshta khwe ud chu sherr. Bazergan dekanet de shuna pere da chek bedet. Zhe musicienyn cheang ly dekhen ra cheangi dehyte goten.
qu+a,e,i,o,y ud k+a,o,u /k/, /kh/: Bazergany zhyhati cary khwe zhi quara khwe zhi dezanet. Cary ty da quar tonne bet car nene. De vi cari da quar tonne. quyra khwe touzh kerd. Quyra men zhe bo berrina vi dari be kyr nahyt. Ca (fg cany) te cheqas qua kerri? Bazergyn zhe cary froshtena vi kari (fg. kahr) be qasi cary froshtena cardiy (fs. cari) zhi quar nekerd. Kesi kesa pryza genem berhev nekerd. Kelemyn senjy zaf dejwar en. Zhe dara mazi ra le hendek deran myshe ud le hendek deran zhi keleam dehyt goten. Zhe bazary quelem kerrin ud zhe bo shivy paten. Be corman avy vedekhwet, be korman masian degeret…
ph /ph/: Car le hev phar kerden.
td /t/: Be tay ketebu. Terzi tda be derzia khwe ve kerd ud deast be drutena kenjan kerd. Tdol nacanet tola khwe heldet.
Gotenyn be digraphyn lh ud rh dehyten nevisten
Hemi r ud l yn le cery gotenyn cordki phonemyn /r/ ud /ɭ/ nen. Ev her do digraph teny teny le cery gotenyn homophon dehyten nevisten.
lh: Lhema mangy tezhe shir bue. Lor zhe lhor xhaz deken. O laz lhaz o. Lhori lhoria lor bu.
rh /r/: Rhozh jihany ronahi deket. Rozhek 24 saxsat est. Erdy wi rhast est, kash nene. Bersiva wi rast est. Yek le aliy raasty bu, yek aliy chepy. Rha le Mesra bery navy khwedaeki est.
Kymkerdena gotenyn homograph
De zmaneki da porrbuna gotenyn homograph hendek jaran decanet ry le ber thevlehevia manyn van gotenan vebeket. Zhe nomunyn de tabloa zhyrin da hatenen nevisten rend khwia debet co merev decanet be nevistena zmany formal (be formyn gran yn gotenan) de derenjeke ne hendek da hezhmara homgraphan kym beket. Devyt ev formyn gran yn gotenan inrozh hina zhi qet nebet le deverek wary be vi zmani deng deken berdewam biten. By goman merev decanet de nevistena formal da jih bedet chend gotenyn analog zhi, ly de zmaneki da hezhmara van cheqas kym bet, hewqas qenj est.
|
Nevisten |
Goten be API |
Be ingliski |
|
ader (fs: ar) n. m. |
ɑdəɾ (fs: ɑ:ɾ) |
fire |
|
ager (fs: ar) n. m. |
ɑgəɾ (fs: ɑ:ɾ) |
fire |
|
ard (fs: ar) n. m. |
ɑɾd |
flour |
|
hard, erd, xsard, n. m. |
hɑ:ɾd, ε:ɾd, ʕɑɾd, |
earth |
|
bad (fs: ba) n. m. |
bɑd (fs: bɑ) |
wind |
|
bal (fs: ba) prep. |
bɑl (fs: bɑ:) |
next to |
|
baal n. z. |
bɑ:l |
attention |
|
balh (bezhnubalh) |
bɑ:ɭ |
stature |
|
bang (fs: ba) |
bɑ |
appeal, call |
|
bar n. z. |
bɑɾ |
bar |
|
baar n. m. |
bɑɾ |
load |
|
brader (fs: bra) |
bɾɑdεɾ |
brother |
|
be rasti (fs: bera) |
bε rɑsti (fs: bərɑ:) |
actually, really |
|
bra (fs: bla) |
bɾɑ (fs: blɑ) |
let someone do something |
|
bir n. z. birhanin v. |
biɾ biɾhɑnin |
mind, remember |
|
biir n. z. |
bi:ɾ |
well |
|
bid (fs: bi) n. z. |
bid (fs bi) |
willow tree |
|
bi adj. |
bi: |
widow |
|
bum v. |
bum |
I was. I became. |
|
boum n. m z. |
bum |
owl |
|
boom inter. |
bu:m |
boom |
|
cani, cany (fs: ca) pors. |
khɑni, khɑne (fs: khɑ) |
where |
|
ka n. z. |
kɑ |
straw, hay, chaff |
|
kahni (fs: kani) |
kɑhni (fs: kɑ:ni) |
fountain |
|
quani adj. |
khɑni |
about source |
|
cal adj. |
khɑl |
raw fruit or vegetable |
|
kahl (fs: kal) n. m. |
kɑhl (fs: kɑ:l) |
grand father, grandpa |
|
car n. m. |
kʰɑɾ |
work |
|
quar n. z. |
kʰɑ:ɾ |
income, earning, gain |
|
cahr (fs: caar), ked n. m.. z. |
kɑɦɾ (fs: kɑ:ɾ), kəd |
kid, capricorn |
|
co (co dery) prs. |
kʰɵ |
where |
|
coh (fs: cou) n. m. |
kʰɵh (fs: kʰo:w) |
mountain |
|
kash n. m. |
kʰɑʃ |
collin |
|
cash kerden v. |
kʰɑʃkʰəɾdən, kʰɑʃkəɾən |
to draw, to pull |
|
cheng n. z. |
tʃεŋ |
chin |
|
cseng (bezishki) n. m. |
tɕεŋ |
axilla (medicine) |
|
cer n. m. |
sε:ɾ |
head |
|
ser prep. |
sεɾ |
on |
|
cearr (fs: sal) n. z. |
sεr |
year |
|
cerr n. z. |
sər |
secret |
|
serr adj. |
sər |
cool |
|
cho |
tʃo: |
giddap (said to make a donkey move forward) |
|
cso n. m. |
tɕo: |
stick, baton |
|
coart n. z. |
ko:ɾt |
col, hole, trench |
|
cort adj. |
kɵɾt |
short |
|
cor (fs: cur) adj. |
khoɾ (fs: kuɾ) |
blind |
|
cour adj. |
khuɾ |
deep |
|
corr |
kɵr |
boy, son |
|
corri |
khɵri |
colt, young horse or donkey |
|
dear adj. adv. |
dε:ɾ |
out |
|
dergeh (fs: der) n. m. |
dεɾgεh (fs: dεɾ) |
door |
|
dher adv. |
ðεɾ |
there |
|
deast n. m. |
dεst |
hand |
|
deest n. m. |
dεst |
pandemic |
|
dest n. z. |
dəst |
cauldron |
|
ferr n. z. |
fər |
flight |
|
fert (fs: ferr) n. z. |
fəɾt (fs: fər) |
(a) sip, (a) sup |
|
geran pr. |
gɾɑn |
the collins |
|
gran adj. |
gɾɑ:n |
heavy, strong |
|
ger n. m. |
gəɾ |
collin |
|
gers (fs: ger) adj. |
gəɾs (fs: gəɾ) |
big, huge |
|
goh (fs: go) |
gɵh (fs: go:) |
ear |
|
got (fs: go) |
got (fs: go:) |
said |
|
ques n. |
khεs |
big straw, useless straw |
|
kes n. |
khε:s |
person, nobody, no one |
|
khward (fs: khwar) v. |
ʍɑɾd (fs: ʍɑɾ) |
ate |
|
khwahr (fs: khwaar) adj. |
ʍɑ:ɾ |
crooked, curve, wry |
|
khwar adv. pre |
ʍɑɾ |
below, down |
|
quyr n. z. |
kheɾ |
knife |
|
kyr adj. |
keɾ |
useful |
|
kewe (fs: kew) |
kεwε (fs: kεw) |
blue |
|
quew |
kεw |
partridge, grouse |
|
mahr (fs: maar) n. m., z. |
mɑɦɾ (fs: mɑ:ɾ) |
snake |
|
mar n. z. |
mɑ:ɾ |
marriage |
|
noa |
no |
naughty |
|
na, no |
nɑ: no: |
no |
|
par adj. |
pɑɾ |
las year |
|
phar n. z. |
phɑ:ɾ |
share, portion, equal part, part, dividend, |
|
perd (fs: perr) n. z. |
phəɾd (fs: phər) |
bridge |
|
porr adj. |
pher |
very, a lot, lots |
|
piu! (pii!) interj. |
piu (fs: pi:) |
phew! |
|
phi n. m. |
phi |
dad, father |
|
phii n. z. |
phi: |
peace |
|
pi n. m. |
phi |
arm, chol (medicine) |
|
rast |
rɑst |
right, straight |
|
raast |
rɑ:st |
flat |
|
rhast |
rɑst |
right direction |
|
rozh (fs: ro) |
ro:ʒ (fs: ro:) |
day |
|
rhozh (fs: rho) |
roʒ (fs: ro:) |
sun |
|
rubar (fs: ro) |
rubɑɾ (fs: ro) |
|
|
sal (fg: serr) n. z. |
sɑl |
year |
|
saal, n. m. |
sɑ:l |
flagstone |
|
sheav n. z. |
ʃεv |
night |
|
shev n. m. |
ʃəv |
sprig, switch, vimen, |
|
shirin (fs: shyrin) adj. |
ʃiɾin |
sweet |
|
shyrin adj. |
ʃeɾin |
leonine, like a lion |
|
ta n. m. |
tɑ |
strand, yarn. sapling, plant |
|
tda n. z. |
thɑ |
malaria |
|
taa n. m. |
thɑ: |
side, way, part, favour |
|
tdar (fs: tdaa) adj. |
thɑr (fs: thɑ:) |
further, farer |
|
tdyhni (fs: tdii) adj. |
thehni (fs: thi:) |
thirsty |
|
tdi n. m. |
thi |
brother in law |
|
tdesht n. z. |
thεʃt |
basin, washbasin |
|
tesht n. m. |
təʃt |
thing |
|
tearr adj. |
tεr |
sappy (tree), humid, wet |
|
terr n. z. |
tər |
fart |
|
tir |
tiɾ |
arrow |
|
tiir |
ti:ɾ |
thick |
|
to (fs: te) pro. |
tɵ (fs: tə), |
thou (you) |
|
toa n. z |
to: |
cream |
|
te pro. |
tε |
thee |
|
tdo (fs: tde) det. |
tho: (fs: thə) |
never, any, none |
|
xhaj n. z. |
ħɑdʒ |
pilgrimage |
|
xhaaj, hej n. m. |
ħɑ:dʒ, hεdʒ |
dry tree branch |
|
zaar n. z. |
zɑ:ɾ |
dice |
|
zar n. m. |
zɑɾ |
dialect |
|
sar n. z. |
zɑɾ |
membrane |
|
zsaar adj. |
zˤɑ:r |
Imitation speaking of someone to annoy. |
|
zarr n. m. |
zˤɑr |
child |
|
zoar adv. |
zo:ɾ |
very, a lot. In German sehr |
|
zor adj. |
zoɾ |
difficult, troublesome, hard, tough, crucial |
|
pun (fs: pin) n. z. |
phun (fs: phin) |
coop |
|
pyhn (fs: piin) n. z. |
pehn (fs: pi:n) |
kick, hack |
Gotenyn be digraphyn dh, dz, sz, xh, xs, zs dehyten nevisten
Be digraphyn xs, gh, xh, dh, dz, sz, zs be porrani gotenyn cordki yn be aszly khwe xsarebki dehyten nevisten. Vazhyn cordki yn de textyn classikyn cordki da be ebjeda cordki be kertyn ع, غ, ح, ذ, ص, ظ, hatenen nevisten be van digraphan dehyten nevisten.
dh dheka, dheki, dhewq, ledhet, ledhidh
dz dzaif, dzerb, dzeruret, fodzuli, remedzan, khedzer
gh gherib, ghezal, gholam, naghme, shoghol
sz faszulia, ikhtiszasz, moszibet, qeszide
xh xhaakim, xhadith, xhaj, maxhkum, raxhm, reixhan, roxh
xs el xsaalem, xsamel, xsameliat, ixstiraf, moxsawin, qetxsi, saxsat
zs zsolm, lefzs, mazslum, menzser, nezser, nizsam, zsalem, zselam, zserf
Hendek gotenyn cordki yn be aszlyn khwe zhe xsarebki nenen zhi be kertyn xsareban yn zhe bo van digraphan hatenen nevisten.
dh caghedh
gh agha, caghedh
sz szal, szadeq
xh xhaisht (hesht), xhaft (heft)
xs xsaini, xsalem, xsatdar
zs zselam, zsalem, nizsam
Be xharfa k nevistena vazhyn xsarebki
Vazhyn cordki yn be aszly khwe xsarebki nen ud de xsarebki da be xharfa ک dehyten nevisten her dem be xharfa k dehyten nevisten. Ev hawa be heman characteri nevistena vazhyn zhe heman gotena asli momkun deket:
kateb, kitab, kotobkhane, mekteb, mektub, imkan, momkun, xhokumet, kamel, kahl, kashif, keshf, mokemmel, kahen, mikail, kolli, kafer, koffar, shokor, xsaks, xsaksi, Shokri, Shokran, Mokremin
Be xharfa k nevistena vazhyn zmanyn slavic
Vazhyn slavic yn de zmany aszli da be xharfa k dehyten nevisten ud vazhyn de zmanyn be alphabeta cyrillic be xharfa к dehyten nevisten, de latinki, franceski ud ingliski da be be xharfa k dehyten nevisten de cordki da zhi be xharfa k dehyten nevisten:
Dostoievki, Kalinin, Kiev, Koln, kolkhoz, perestroika, Ukraina, Trotski, Gorki, Moskowa
Be xharfa k nevistena hendek vazhyn hellenki
Vazhyn de hellenki da be xharfa κ, de latinki, franceski ud ingliski da be xharfa k dehyten nevisten de cordki da zhi be xharfa k dehyten nevisten:
Empedokles, kilo, kilogram, kilometro, Mitsotakis
Vazhyn de hellenki da be xharfa κ, de latinki, franceski ud ingliski da be xharfa c dehyten nevisten de cordki da be xharfa c dehyten nevisten:
democrati, economia, macro-, micro-, Democritus, Epicurus, Constantin, Socrates
Gotenyn be gemination
Consonantyn be digraphan dehyten nevisten ne ty da, hemi consonant de rewsha be shedde ud gemination da le ber vocalan dobare deben.
bb moebbed, rebb
cc sheccal, shecco, Becco, ricco
dd gheddar, moqeddes
ff coffek, qoffek (zembila pechuk)
gg aggressiv, reggae, ziggurat
hh Dehhak, qehhar
jj dejjal, xhajji, xsajjeqin
kk dhekki, Dikkel Agha, sheccal, shekker, sikke
ll chell, chelle, chellek, ghelle, golli, khellek, qollek, melle, shelleki, shelli, khellasz
mm communist, emman, gomm, ommet, temme, xhammal
nn gonn, gunni, jenn, jenni, jennet, tonne, xhanne
pp gepp, geppek, goppal, qeppar, sheppal, teppek, zeruzeppeli, zoppe,
qq beqqal, cheqqal, reqqas,
rr bacorr, bay corr, berrhozh, berrin, corr, derri (stri), cherr, cherranek, chirryn, porr, qeisian, errik, ferrin, gearrek, gorri, kerrin, qerrash, qerrek, qirrin, sherr, terr, tearr, terral, terri, terrole, varrek, verr, verrni, xharri, zerrbav, zerrguni, zerrin, zyrrin
ss hessen (xhassen), curressin, cussi, melessin, messin, pessik, tessi
tt bettani, cottan, fittek, sette (settyn mywan), xhatta, xsattar
vv bevv, bevvy (zhe zmany zarran), kevver, tevver
ww gewwer bunden, khewwerin, qewwad, qowwet
yy xsayyar, beyyar, teyyar, teyyare, seyyar,
zz bezzin, chezz, chezzin, kezzin, kezzerin, qozz, qozzolqort, rezzin, xsizzet
Gotenyn be vocalek cort ud 2 consonantan den deqeden
berq
chelk
chelm
colm (korm)
cord
corm
cort
delq
fecr
fert
geshk
gesht
gorg
gorm
gorz
jord (jerd)
jorm
kheshm
khesht
khoshk
meshk
perd
pert
pert
pesht
qorm
qort
rend
shocr
tesht
verd (ver da)
vert
werd (wy da)
zert
zsolm
Gotenyn be -k deqeden
Zhe ber co de cordki da suffixyn be -e, -i, -y henen, gotenyn cordki be kerta -c naqeden, be kerta -k deqeden. Ev qeide zhe bo gotenyn cordki yn zhe zmanyn be alphabetek deri alphabeta roman dehyten nevisten hatenen gerten zhi derbas debet.
Nomune:
belek, buk, dak, daik, dylek, chaidank, chariek, calek, chek, chevik, chik, chrusk, colek, colilk, dak, dik, gelek, gaulek, glok, golek, hesk, holek, hyk, jolek, kek, khellek, khelk, lek, kevchidank, kevok, mak, meshk, mrishk, nisk, nok, peshek, psik, puk, qalek, qezhak, qerrek, rekk, reshk, cerek, cerok, cereak, ceri shek, xsalok, yek, zarrok, zek, zirek, …
Gushiy consonanti khwe
De cordki da gushieki consonanti heye. Hew zhi khwe est.
kwarden, khwasten, khwe, khwaar, khwahr, khwasi, khwenche, khweda (khoda), khwedan, khwedi, khwedy, khweli, khwenden, khweng, khwesh, khwesu (khwesi), khwesh, khweshi, khwi, khwin, khwy
Nevistena purveserkyn da, ra, ve
Her che qas le hendek deveryn Cordan de zmany gella le shuna da, ra, ve purvesergyn de, re, ve hebiten zhi, zhe ber co le porrania wary cordan ud de edebiata cordi a classic da ev purveserk da, ra, ve nen, de cordia grand ud cordia standard da be da, ra, ve dehyten nevisten.
Men zhe wi ra got. Mala wi de nav daran da bud. Zhe hakhafteny porr xhaz dekerd, dema depeivi ta be derziy ve dekerd.
Verbyn be purveserk
da- dabezin, dabohorin, dachekin, dagerten, dahnin, dakevten, dakhesten, daleqin, damezrin, daqortin, darezin, dawerevin, daweshin
hel- helbezharten, helbun, helchenin, helferrin, helgerten, helhanin, helhaten, helkerden, heldan, helpekin, helperin, helqetin, helseganden, helweshin
ra- rabun, rachenin, raferrin, ragerten, raheshten, rakerden, rakhesten, rakevten, ramusin, raperin, raweshin, razan,
ve- vearqelin, vekerden, vekevten, vekhwarden, velisten, veneshten, veqetin, verreshin, veshkin, vexhawin (vexhabin), vezhin
Porrania namyn dehyten hezhmarten
Porrania be hejmaran ra
do syv, thy syv, char syv
Porrania be verban dehyte tygehishten
syv henen, khani chykerden, kitab khwenden, joan haten
Rewsha nominativ
syvan
Porrania rewsha genitiv
syvyn te, khaniyn wan, kitabyn men, joanyn me
Porrania rewsha accusative
Noca …
Wez syvan dekhwem
Tu syvan dekhwi
Hew syvan dekhwe
Wem syvan dekhwen
Hun syvan dekhwen
Hew syvan dekhwen
Doh …
Men syv khwarden
Te syv khwarden
Wi syv khwarden
Wy syv khwarden
Me syv khwarden
Hewe syv khwarden
Wan syv khwarden
Porrania rewsha vocativ
Syvno!
Rewsha nominativ a yekaneti ud porranetia diar ud nediar
|
Yekana Nediar |
Ingliski |
Yekana Diar |
Ingliski |
Porrania Nominativ |
Ingliski |
|
bazek |
a hawk |
baz |
the hawk |
bazan |
hawks |
|
bazharek |
a city |
bazhar |
the city |
bazharan |
cities |
|
kalek |
an old man |
kal |
the old man |
kalan |
old men |
|
chemek |
a stream |
chem |
the stream |
cheman |
streams |
|
darek |
a tree |
dar |
the tree |
daran |
trees |
|
deriek |
a door |
deri |
the door |
derian |
doors |
|
fendek |
a candle |
fend |
the candle |
fendan |
candles |
|
gaek |
an ox |
ga |
the ox |
gaan |
Oxes |
|
geliek |
a valley |
geli |
the valley |
gelian |
valleys |
|
golek |
a rose |
gol |
the rose |
golan |
roses |
|
herchek |
a bear |
herch |
the bear |
herchan |
bears |
|
jamiek |
a mosque |
jami |
the mosque |
jamian |
mosques |
Nevistena gotenyn zhe zmanyn bygane
Gotenyn zhe zmanyn be alphabeta roman (latin) dehyten hatenen gerten be 26 kertyn cordki dehyten nevisten. Kertyn khoszuszi van wushan zhe aliy shekli ve nyzdiki kizhan kerta cordki ben be wy dehyten nevisten. Zmanyn be ne be alphabeta roman, ly be alphabetek den dehyten nevisten be porrani de cordki da chawa dehyten goten wer dehyten nevisten.
Nevistena gotenyn graeko-roman
Gotenyn graeko-roman yn be latinki ch hatenen nevisten ud zhe ber ku de latinki dengy /x/ tonne /k/ hatenen khwenden be kh dehyten nevisten. Chemki ev goten de rewsha khwe a original da be hellenki be x dehyten nevisten ud be /x/ dehyten teleffuzkirin.
archaeologia, psychologia, choreographia, chaos, character, chrom, psychiatria
Gotenyn be y dehyten nevisten ud /i:/ dehyten goten
Gotenyn be aszlyn khwe hellenki nen, de latinki da be y dehyten nevisten ud /i:/ dehyten goten de cordki da be i dehyten nevisten:
academi, anatomi, analis, bicyclet, crystal, dynamo, dynamic, enzym, etymologia, lirism, melodi, python, psychologia, rhythm, synonym
Gotenyn be ph dehyten nevisten ud /f/ dehyten goten
Gotenyn be ph dehyten nevisten ud /f/ dehyten khwenden be ph dehyten nevisten. Chemki dema ev goten zhe hellenki ketenen latinki be kerta co inrozh grek phonema /f/ denevisen phonema p a aspirant /ph/ hatie nevisten.
philologia, philosophia, philosoph, phon, phonem, phonetican, photograph, geographia, graphican, diphtong, digraph, telephon, telegraph
Gotenyn de latinki da be suffixa -ve deqeden
Gotenyn de latinki da be suffixa -ve deqeden de cordki da by suffixa -e dehyten nevisten:
alternativ, alternativa, alternativiti, alternativy, alternativo, alternativan, alternativyn
negativ, negativa, negativiti, negativy, negativo, negativan, negativyn
positiv, positiva, positiviti, positivy, positivo, positivan, positivyn
Gotenyn de latinki da be suffixa -icus, de hellenki da be suffixa -ikos deqeden
Gotenyn graeco-roman yn de hellenki da be suffixa –ikos deqeden de latinki da be suffixa -icus deqeden de cordki da be suffixa -ic deqeden:
agnostic, archaeologic, biologic, democratic, ecologic, geographic, geometric, mathematic, music, optic, physic, technic
Gotenyn de hellenki ud latinki da be suffixa porraniy -a deqeden
Gotenyn de latinki da be suffixa porraniy -a deqeden de inliski da be be suffixa porraniy -s deqeden de cordki da be suffixa porraniy -an deqeden.
|
Latinki |
Ingliski |
Cordki |
|
botanica |
botanics |
botanican |
|
genetica |
genetics |
genetican |
|
kinetica |
kinetics |
kinetican |
|
mathematica |
mathematics |
mathematican |
|
musica |
musics |
musican |
|
oeconomica |
economics |
economican |
|
physica |
physics |
physican |
Gotenyn xsarebki, fareski, cordki ud torki yn be torki be xharfa ü dehyten nevsten
Gotenyn xsarebki, fareski, cordki ud torki yn be turki be xharfa ü dehyten nevisten be cordki be xharfa o dehyten nevisten, de zmany gran da /ɵ/, de zmany sevek da /ə/ dehyten teleffuzskerden.
|
Nevisten |
Teleffuzsa be zmany gran |
Teleffuzsa be zmany sevek |
|
bolbol |
bɵlbɵl |
bəlbəl |
|
bolend |
bɵlεnd |
blənd |
|
colostor |
khɵlɵstɵɾ |
khɵləstəɾ |
|
conji |
kɵndʒi |
kəndʒi |
|
doldol |
dɵldɵl |
dəldəl |
|
donia |
dɵnjɑ |
dənjɑ |
|
gorm |
gɵɾm |
gəɾm |
|
Honer |
hɵnεɾ |
hənεɾ |
|
joda |
dʒɵdɑ |
dʒədɑ |
|
jord |
dʒɵɾd |
dʒəɾd |
|
jorm |
dʒɵɾm |
dʒəɾm |
|
modur |
mɵduɾ |
mədu:ɾ |
|
momkun |
mɵmkhun |
məmkhun |
|
molk |
mɵlk |
məlk |
|
monaqeşe |
mɵnɑqεʃε |
mənɑqεʃε |
|
monewwer |
mɵnεwwεɾ |
mənεwwεɾ |
|
mojadele |
mɵdʒɾdεlε |
mədʒɑdεlε |
|
mordar |
mɵɾdɑ:ɾ |
məɾdɑ:ɾ |
|
nomune |
nɵmune |
nəmune |
|
porr |
phɵr |
phər |
|
Soleiman |
sɵlejman |
səleman |
|
sorgun |
sɵɾgun |
səɾgun |
|
Torkan |
tɵɾkɑn |
təɾkɑn |
|
torki |
thɵrki |
thərki |
|
zsolom |
zˤɵlɵm |
zˤəlm |
Porrania nediar (porrania indefinit)
Porrania nediar, be gotenek den porrania hendek, de gotenyn be consonanteky deqeden da be suffixa -en, de gotenyn be vocaleky deqeden da be suffixa -inen dehyte nishandain. Dema ev goten peshti wusha henden behyten nevisten by van suffixan dehyten nevisten.
bazharen hendek bazhar
cheken hendek chek
deren hendek der
golen hendek gol
gonden hendek gond
hyzhiren hendek hyzhir
mereven hendek merev
syven hendek syv
zarren hendek zarr
bazharinen hendek bazhari
charenen hendek chare
derinen hendek deri
gondinen hendek gondi
masenen hendek mase
tahzhinen hendek tahzhi
Be prespositionyn be, de, le, zhe ra nevistena navyn merdane
Nam Be … De … Le … Zhe
ager be ager de ager le ager zhe ager
Ali be Ali de Ali le Ali zhe Ali
Beg be beg de beg le beg zhe beg
Bergo be Bergo de Bergo le Bergo zhe Bergo
chahv be chahv de chahv le chahv zhe chahv
chem be chem de chem le chem zhe chem
corr be corr de corr le corr zhe corr
deast be deast de deast le deast zhe deast
dik be dik de dik le dik zhe dik
Dijle be Dijle de Dijle le Dijle zhe Dijle
gond be gond de gond le gond zhe gond
gorg be gorg de gorg le gorg zhe gorg
hesp (nyr) be hesp de hesp le hesp zhe hesp
Jemil be Jemil de Jemil le Jemil zhe Jemil
khwedy be khwedy de khwedy le khwedy zhe khwedy
mahr be mahr de mahr le mahr zhe mahr
nyri be nyri de nyri le nyri zhe nyri
Shyrgo be Shyrgo de Shyrgo le Shyrgo zhe Shyrgo
tri be tri de tri le tri zhe tri
Navyn continentan
Africa
America
Australia
Asia
Europa
Navyn dewletan
Navên welatan de zmanyn germanic da be -land, de xsarebki da be suffixa -ia, de fareski da be -ostan (-istan), de cordki da be porrani be -an deqeden. Ev navyn dewletan xsayni mina navyn gelek gund ud herymyn cordan de jomly da natewen ud suffix nagren, de rewshyn nominal, dativ, accusativ, possessiv, locativ ud vocativ da naguherren; her dem de rewsha khwe a sade da deminen.
Nomune 1: Ez chum Faresan. Faresan welateki jiran est. Ew zhe Faresan dehyt. Ew le Faresan dekhebetet. Mala wan le Faresan est. Hun dy kinga herren Faresan. Tajik zhe Faresan xhaz deken. Hei gdi Faresan. Komara Faresan
Nomune 2: Ez chum Botan. Botan wareki khwesh est. Ew zhe Botan dehyt. Ew le Botan dekhebetet. Mala wan le Botan est. Hun dy kinga herren Botan. Cordmanj zhe Botan xhaz deken. Hei gdi Botan, Heryma Botan
Africa Bashur
America
Andorra
Angola
Antigua ud Barbuda
Argentina
Arian, Iran
Arnautan
Australia
Austuria
Azerbaijan, Athropatane
Bahaman
Barbados
Baxhrein
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Bengladesh
Benin
Bharat, Hindistan
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia Hersek
Bostwana
Bresilia
Brunei
Bulgaran
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cabo Verde
Cambodia
Camerun
Canada
Catalunia
Cazakhestan, Cazakhan
Chad
Chad
Chechia
Chili
Chin
Columbia
Comara Africa Central
Comara Dominican
Comoros
Cordan
Core
Cosovo
Costa Rica
Cote d’Ivoire
Croatan, Khervatan
Cuba
Cuweit
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
